Car:bit

概述

car:bit是以micro:bit作主控的小车。内置超声波、模拟光线、蜂鸣器、测速、全彩RGB灯、循迹等模块。可用于超声波测距、循线、寻光、无线遥控小车。

技术参数

• 供电方式：3.7V 18650锂电池
• Micro USB接口：可充电
• PCI插槽，可接入micro:bit作为主控
• 内置模拟光线
• 超声波测距 3cm~300cm 精度±1cm
• 支持两轮测速

使用说明

• car:bit快速入门

Step1.教程：microbit怎么编程下载？
Step2.在使用电机驱动函数和测速函数时，应在先程序前定义car:bit驱动
Step3.简要使用说明

car:bit	micro:bit引脚	Python示例
B2电机	I2C	setLeftMotor(value) 前进 value：0~100；后退 value：0~-100
B1电机	I2C	setRightMotor(value) 前进 value：0~100；后退 value：0~-100
蜂鸣器	P0	import music music.play(music.NYAN)
W1/W2/W3/W4 RGB灯	P8	#W1显示红色 import neopixel np=neopixel.NeoPixel(pin8,4) np[0]= (255,0,0) np.show()
模拟光线 Q3	P1	pin1.read_analog()
模拟光线 Q4	P2	pin2.read_analog()
测速 U11	I2C	spd = getSpeed() print(spd[0]+spd[1]*256) #left Speed
测速 U10	I2C	spd = getSpeed() print(spd[2]+spd[3]*256) #Right Speed
循迹红外对管 U18/U17/U14/U13/U6/U5	U18->P16 U17->P15 U14->P2 U13->P1 U6->P14 U5->P13	pin1.read_digital() 更详细循迹编程可参考循迹例程
超声波	I2C	Distance()

1.P1/P2与模拟光线引脚有复用，所以不能同时使用。在使用时需要通过切换开关，选择「循迹」和「光线」 2.如果18650锂电池重新装载的话，第一次需要激活下锂电池才能供电正常！激活方式：装上18650电池后接上microUSB接口，电源开关拨到ON

应用例程

循迹小车

car:bit-循迹小车例程

'''
循迹小车(基于PID算法)
    使用时需调整以下参数
	1、PID参数kp ki kd
	2、直线行走速度值(影响行走速度) k_speed 
	3、最大限速值(影向转弯效果) speedMax
	4、速度调整系数(影响转弯速度) speedScale
	5、转弯调整延时(影向转弯调整时间) turnDelay
'''

from microbit import *
kp = 1
ki = 1
kd = 1
preError = 0
integral = 0
delays = 1
leftMotorSpeed = 0
rightMotorSpeed = 0
k_speed = 50
speedMax = 75
turnDelay = 10

def setLeftMotor(speed):
    i2c.write(0x10, bytearray([0x01, speed]))
    
def setRightMotor(speed): 
    i2c.write(0x10, bytearray([0x02, speed]))

def getSpeed():
    motorSpeed = i2c.read(0x10,4)
    return motorSpeed

def pidInit(kp_ = 0, ki_ = 0, kd_  = 0,delays_ = 1):
    global kp, ki,kd, delays
    kp = kp_
    ki = ki_
    kd = kd_
    delays = delays_
    
def getError():
    err = 0
    varLeft1 = pin1.read_digital()
    varLeft2 = pin14.read_digital()
    varLeft3 = pin13.read_digital()
    varRight1 = pin2.read_digital()
    varRight2 = pin15.read_digital()
    varRight3 = pin16.read_digital()
    if (varLeft1 == 1 and varRight1 == 0 and varLeft2 == 0):
        err = 1
    elif (varLeft2 == 1 and varLeft1 == 1):
        err = 2
    elif (varLeft2 == 1 and varLeft1 == 0 and varLeft3 == 0):
        err = 3
    elif (varLeft3 == 1 and varLeft2 == 1):
        err = 4
    elif (varLeft3 == 1 and varLeft2 == 0):
        err = 5
    elif (varRight1 == 1 and varLeft1 == 0 and varRight2 == 0):
        err = -1
    elif (varRight1 == 1 and varRight2 == 1):
        err = -2
    elif (varRight2 == 1 and varRight1 == 0 and varRight3 == 0):
        err = -3
    elif (varRight3 == 1 and varRight2 == 1):
        err = -4
    elif (varRight3 == 1 and varRight2 == 0):
        err = -5
    #print(err)
    return err

def pidControl():
    global preError,integral,delays,leftMotorSpeed,rightMotorSpeed
    global kd, ki, kd
    
    speedScale = 1
    error = getError()
    if (error != 0):
        speedScale = 2/abs(error)
        if speedScale > 1:
            speedScale = 1
    integral = integral + error
    derivative = error - preError
    output = (int)(kp*error + ki*integral*delays + kd*derivative/delays)
    print(output)
    preError = error
    leftMotorSpeed = int((k_speed - output)*speedScale)
    rightMotorSpeed = int((k_speed + output)*speedScale)

    if leftMotorSpeed < -speedMax:
        leftMotorSpeed = -speedMax
    elif leftMotorSpeed > speedMax:
        leftMotorSpeed = speedMax
    if rightMotorSpeed < -speedMax:
        rightMotorSpeed = -speedMax
    elif rightMotorSpeed > speedMax:
        rightMotorSpeed = speedMax   
    setLeftMotor(leftMotorSpeed)
    setRightMotor(rightMotorSpeed)
    
    sleep(abs(error)*turnDelay)

# test code
pidInit(kp_ = 8, ki_ = 0.0, kd_ = 15, delays_ = 1)
#setLeftMotor(60)
#setRightMotor(60)

while True:
    pidControl()

版本历史记录

Version	Date	Note [+]新增[-]删除[^]修复
V1.4	2018/04/24