Bot:bit

来自Labplus盛思维基百科
Tangliufeng（讨论 | 贡献）2018年8月27日 (一) 12:05的版本 （→‎结构组装）
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Cc bot2.jpg

概述

bot:bit人形机器人是一款可以编程控制的人形机器人，支持Mpython图形化编程和Python代码编程，简单易学，通过编程可拓展人的空间思维空间能力。机器人具有多种工作形态，一是装4自由度舵机作为手臂，加上2路电机作为轮子，自由移动的同时双手可灵活操作；二是装有4自由度舵机作为双腿、实现自由行走、避障 循迹。

技术参数

  • 动作灵活：全身拥有8个动作关节，拟人造型，实现动作舞蹈，身手灵活。
  • 无线遥控：2.4GHz射频传输模块和蓝牙模块，可实现遥控格斗运动，欢乐无穷。
  • 内置加速度计
  • 测距避障：内置的高精度超声波模块，能快速返回测量信息、走迷宫、越野的多种任务挑战
  • 循迹：采用5对红外收发管
  • 高续航：3节并联14500锂电池，可循环充电，支持课堂教学应用。



扎气球
写字画画
广场舞
运动对抗

引脚定义/接口说明


Botbit循迹 define.png
bot:bit循迹板引脚定义



使用教程

结构组装

bot:bit有以下两种形态，外壳结构部分的组装详见组装说明！

Warning yellow.png
 注意: 在安装舵盘前，请先烧录"组装程序.hex"，使舵机角度归零后再按要求组装舵盘！
点击下载.png
 File:Bobit组装程序.rar

行走式机器人

4自由度舵机作为双腿、实现自由行走

行走式机器人

轮式机器人

4自由度舵机作为手臂，加上2路电机作为轮子，自由移动的同时双手可灵活操作

轮式机器人


连接示意图

根据不同bot:bit形态，按示意图将手或脚部的舵机、循迹板、直流电机、电池等连接至主板上

行走式机器人硬件连接

Walk bot连接图.jpg



轮式机器人硬件连接

Auto bot连接图.jpg


程序下载快速指南

Step1.m:python编程软件安装：

双击mpythonSetup.exe按提示安装编程程序。进入官网下载 （ http://labplus.cn/index.php/product/download )
系统要求：windows7/windows8/windows10，32/64位；windows XP。
Mpython ico1.png

Step2.Micro:bit 串口驱动安装：双击mbedWinSerial.exe，按提示安装串口驱动。如需要USB串口打印数据须安装该驱动，不需要可跳过此步骤。

进入官网下载 （ http://labplus.cn/index.php/product/download )
Mbed serial.png

Step3.硬件识别：USB接口连接至电脑，打开电源开关。电脑将自动识别到可移动存储设备MICROBIT。

Microbit u盘.png



Step4. 程序设计：打开mpython编程软件，根据需要选择图形化编程或python代码编程方式来完成程序。点击软件指令区，选择对应指令进行编程，更方便快速的设计程序。也可点击菜单栏“模块化”，可切换至代码编程。

下载Hex.png

Step5. 程序完成后，点击Mpython download.png，下载程序并保存到microbit可移动盘上 ，待下载指示灯闪烁完毕后，说明程序下载成功。

保存hex.png

更多m:python编程软件操作说明可查看 http://wiki.labplus.cn/index.php?title=Mpython

API 应用程序编程接口

类别 函数名 说明
脚部控制 walking(steps,time, direction) 函数功能：向前、后行走
参数：
  • steps：步数
  • time：单步时间，单位毫秒
  • direction：方向，1为前进，-1为后退
moonwalker(steps,time,h,direction) 函数功能：迈克尔杰克逊的太空漫步
参数：
  • steps：步数
  • time：单步时间，单位毫秒
  • h：抬脚幅度
  • direction：方向，1为向左，-1为向右
crusaito(steps,time,h,direction) 函数功能：滑步
参数：
  • steps：步数
  • time：单步时间，单位毫秒
  • h：抬脚幅度
  • direction：方向，1为向左，-1为向右
flapping(steps,time,h,direction) 函数功能：八字摇摆
参数：
  • steps：步数
  • time：单步时间，单位毫秒
  • h：抬脚幅度
  • direction：方向，1为向前，-1为向后
jump(time) 函数功能：跳跃
参数：
  • time：单步时间，单位毫秒
turn(steps,time,h,direction) 函数功能：向左、右转向
参数：
  • steps：步数
  • time：单步时间，单位毫秒
  • h：抬脚幅度
  • direction：方向，1为向前，-1为向后
手部/脚部舵机控制 setServo(number,angle) 函数功能：S1-S4，4路的舵机驱动
参数：
  • number：控制舵机序号0~3，对应S1-S4
  • angle：舵机角度，范围-45°~45°
Warning yellow.png
 注意
  • 在使用setServo()设置完舵机角度要，需要使用updatePosition()执行舵机！
  • 在控制手部和脚部的舵机时，需要了解对应舵机的驱动编号，具体详见机器人硬件连接图！


音乐播放 music.play(music) 函数功能：播放曲目
参数：
  • music：microbit内置曲目，如music.BA_DING、music.NYAN、
music.BIRTHDAY等

[详细的microbit曲目和更多的Music用法，请查阅 BBC micro:bit MicroPython Music

轮子控制 motion(leftSpeed, rightSpeed) 函数功能：轮式机器人两轮的控制
参数：
  • leftSpeed：左轮速度控制，范围-2000~2000；
    当为负数时后退，正数时前进，数字越大转速越大；
  • rightSpeed：右轮速度控制，范围-2000~2000；
    当为负数时后退，正数时前进，数字越大转速越大；
超声波 distance() 函数功能：返回超声波测距
RGB灯控制 setRGB(cmd,r,g,b) 函数功能：控制RGB灯(RGB颜色模型)
参数：
  • cmd：左灯：2,右灯：3
  • r,g,b：范围0~255
setHSV(cmd,h,s,v) 函数功能：控制RGB灯(HSV颜色模型)
参数：
  • cmd：左灯：4,右灯：5
  • h,s,v：色调（h）取值范围0~360，饱和度（s）取值范围0~1，明度（v）取值范围0~1
循迹 PIDtracking(kp,kd,trackSpeed) 函数功能：PID算法循迹
参数：
  • kp：PID算法中的P比例控制
  • kd：PID算法中的D微分控制
  • trackSpeed：范围0~2000
具体的应用可详见下文的循迹示例！




应用示例

行走式Python编程示例

跳舞机器人

from microbit import *
import music
import math
servo_pos = bytearray([0, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC])
def setServo(servo, angle):
    "set the servo angel"
    a = (1.5 + angle/90) * 1000
    servo_pos[servo*2 + 1] = int(a / 256)
    servo_pos[servo*2 + 2] = int(a % 256)
def updatePosition():
    servo_pos[0] = 0
    i2c.write(0x2A, servo_pos)     
def getDistance():
    i2c.write(0x0b, bytearray([1]))
    temp=i2c.read(0x0B,2)
    dis =(temp[0]+temp[1]*256)/10
    return dis
inc = 0
phase_start=[0, 0, 0, 0]
phase=[0, 0, 0, 0]
offset=[0, 0, 0, 0]
amplitude=[0, 0, 0, 0]
t = 0
def refresh():
    global t, phase, inc, amplitude, phase_start
    if (running_time() - t) > 50:
        t = running_time()
        for i in range(0, 4):
            pos = round(amplitude[i]*math.sin(phase[i] + phase_start[i]) + offset[i])
            setServo(i, pos)
            phase[i] = phase[i] + inc
        updatePosition()
def action(A, O, DIFF, T, steps):
    global inc, amplitude, phase_start, offset
    t2 = 0
    inc = 2*math.pi/(T/50)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        amplitude[i] = A[i]
        phase_start[i] = DIFF[i]
        offset[i] = O[i]
    cycle = int(steps)
    t2 = running_time() + T*cycle
    while (running_time() < t2):
        refresh()
    for i in range(0, 4):
        amplitude[i] = A[i]
        phase_start[i] = DIFF[i]
        offset[i] = O[i]
    # move the servo
    t2 = running_time() + T*(steps - cycle)
    while (running_time() < t2):
        refresh()
def walking(steps, T=1000, dir=1):
    AMP = (30, 30, 20, 20)
    OFFSET = (0, 0, 4, -4)   
    DIFF = (0, 0, -math.pi/2 * dir, -math.pi/2 * dir)
    action(AMP, OFFSET, DIFF, T, steps)
    return 
def turn(steps, T=2000, dir=1):
    OFFSET = [0, 0, 4, -4]   
    DIFF = (0, 0, -math.pi/2 * dir, -math.pi/2 * dir)
    if dir == 1:
        AMP = (30, 10, 20, 20)
    else:
        AMP = (10, 30, 20, 20)
    action(AMP, OFFSET, DIFF, T, steps)
    return 
def moonwalker(steps, T=900, h=20, dir=1):
    'Moonwalker. Otto moves like Michael Jackson'
    AMP = [0, 0, h, h]
    OFFSET = [0, 0, h/2 + 2, -h/2 -2]   
    DIFF = [0, 0, math.pi/180*dir*-90, math.pi/180*dir*-150]
    action(AMP, OFFSET, DIFF, T, steps)
    return 
def crusaito(steps, T, h, dir):
    AMP = [25, 25, h, h]
    OFFSET = [0, 0, h/2+ 4, -h/2 - 4]   
    DIFF = [90, 90, 0, math.pi/180*dir*-60]
    action(AMP, OFFSET, DIFF, T, steps)
def flapping(steps, T, h, dir):
    AMP = [12, 12, h, h]
    OFFSET = [0, 0, h-10, -h+10]   
    DIFF = [0, math.pi/180*180, math.pi/180*dir*-90, math.pi/180*dir*90]
    action(AMP, OFFSET, DIFF, T, steps)
    return    
servo_position = [0, 0, 0, 0]
servo_increment = [0, 0, 0, 0]
def moveServos(time, servo_target):
    if time > 20:
        for i in range(0, 4):
            servo_increment[i] = (servo_target[i] - servo_position[i])/(time/20)       
        final_time = running_time() + time;
        iteration = 1
        while running_time() < final_time:
            partial_time = running_time()+20
            for i in range(0, 4):
                setServo(i, servo_position[i]+iteration*servo_increment[i])
            updatePosition()
            while running_time() < partial_time:
                pass
            iteration = iteration+1
    else:
        for i in range(0, 4):
            setServo(i, servo_target[i])
        updatePosition()
    for i in range(0, 4):
        servo_position[i] = servo_target[i]
    return 
def jump(T):
    up = [0, 0, 45, -45]
    moveServos(T, up)
    down = [0, 0, 0, 0]
    moveServos(T, down)
    return
def home():
    for i in range(0, 4):
        setServo(i, 0)
        servo_position[i] = 0
    updatePosition()
    
display.off()
home()
while True:
    walking(5, 1500, 1)
    walking(5, 1500, -1)
    music.play(music.BA_DING)
    moonwalker(5, 1000, 25, 1)
    moonwalker(5, 1000, 25, -1)    
    music.play(music.BADDY)
    crusaito(8, 1000, 15, 1)
    crusaito(8, 1000, 15, -1)
    crusaito(4, 2000, 15, 1)
    crusaito(4, 2000, 15, -1)  
    music.play(music.NYAN)
    flapping(5, 1500, 15, 1)
    flapping(5, 1500, 15, -1)
    music.play(music.BIRTHDAY)

轮式机器人Python编程示例

遥控轮式机器人

程序说明：需要下载有两个程序，一个是micro:bit作为遥控程序，另一个为bot:bit执行动作程序。micro:bit实时发送xyz加速度数据操控bot:bit轮子行走，按下「A」按键+xyz加速度操控两臂动作。

* micro:bit遥控程序 

from microbit import *
import radio
radio.on()
radio.config(length=8, queue=3, channel=79, power=7, 
             address=0x44773311, group=0x1B, data_rate=radio.RATE_250KBIT)
    
msg = bytearray(8)
x = 0
y = 0
z = 0
a = 0
while True:
    x = accelerometer.get_x()
    y = accelerometer.get_y()
    z = accelerometer.get_z()
    if button_a.is_pressed():
        a = a | 0x01
    else:
        a = a & 0xFE
    if button_b.is_pressed():
        a = a | 0x02
    else:
        a = a & 0xFD
    x = x + 10000;
    msg[0] = int(x / 256)
    msg[1] = x % 256
    y = y + 10000;
    msg[2] = int(y / 256)
    msg[3] = y % 256
    z = z + 10000;
    msg[4] = int(z / 256)
    msg[5] = z % 256
    msg[6] = int(a / 256)
    msg[7] = a % 256
    radio.send_bytes(msg)
    sleep(100)



* 轮式机器人执行程序 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from microbit import *
import radio
import math

motor_pwm = bytearray([8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
servo_pos = bytearray([0, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC])

'''
motor_pwm.ch1 = M1.A
motor_pwm.ch2 = M1.B
motor_pwm.ch3 = M2.A
motor_pwm.ch4 = M2.B
'''


def motion(leftSpeed, rightSpeed):
    if leftSpeed > 2000:
        leftSpeed = 2000
    if leftSpeed < -2000:
        leftSpeed = -2000
    if leftSpeed == 0:
        motor_pwm[1] = 0
        motor_pwm[2] = 0
        motor_pwm[3] = 0
        motor_pwm[4] = 0
    if leftSpeed > 0:
        motor_pwm[1] = int(leftSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[2] = int(leftSpeed % 256)
        motor_pwm[3] = 0
        motor_pwm[4] = 0
    if leftSpeed < 0:
        leftSpeed = -leftSpeed
        motor_pwm[1] = 0
        motor_pwm[2] = 0
        motor_pwm[3] = int(leftSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[4] = int(leftSpeed % 256)
    if rightSpeed > 2000:
        rightSpeed = 2000
    if rightSpeed < -2000:
        rightSpeed = -2000
    if rightSpeed == 0:
        motor_pwm[5] = 0
        motor_pwm[6] = 0
        motor_pwm[7] = 0
        motor_pwm[8] = 0
    if rightSpeed > 0:
        motor_pwm[5] = 0
        motor_pwm[6] = 0
        motor_pwm[7] = int(rightSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[8] = int(rightSpeed % 256)
    if rightSpeed < 0:
        rightSpeed = -rightSpeed
        motor_pwm[5] = int(rightSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[6] = int(rightSpeed % 256)
        motor_pwm[7] = 0
        motor_pwm[8] = 0
    i2c.write(0x2A, motor_pwm)


def setServo(servo, angle):
    "set the servo angel"
    a = (1.5 + angle/90) * 1000
    servo_pos[servo*2 + 1] = int(a / 256)
    servo_pos[servo*2 + 2] = int(a % 256)


def updatePosition():
    servo_pos[0] = 0
    i2c.write(0x2A, servo_pos)


def getDistance():
    i2c.write(0x0b, bytearray([1]))
    temp = i2c.read(0x0B, 2)
    dis = (temp[0]+temp[1]*256)/10
    return dis


# application
display.off()
motion(0, 0)

radio.on()
radio.config(length=8, queue=20, channel=79, power=7,
             address=0x44773311, group=0x1B, data_rate=radio.RATE_250KBIT)
x = 0
y = 0
z = 0
a = 0
left = 0
right = 0
while True:
    # print("running")
    msg = bytes(8)
    msg = radio.receive_bytes()
    if msg is not None:
        x = msg[0]*256 + msg[1]
        x = x - 10000
        y = msg[2]*256 + msg[3]
        y = y - 10000
        z = msg[4]*256 + msg[5]
        z = z - 10000
        a = msg[6]*256 + msg[7]
        if a == 0:
            left = int((y + x) )
            right = int((y - x))
            #print('left = ', left)
            #print('right = ', right)
            motion(-right, -left)
        if (a & 0x03) != 0:
            motion(0, 0)
            y = min(max(-1000, y), 1000)
            x = min(max(-1000, x), 1000)
            sv = math.asin(y/1000)*180/math.pi
            sh = math.asin(x/1000)*180/math.pi
            sv = min(max(-45, sv), 45)
            sh = min(max(-45, sh), 45)
            if (a & 0x01) != 0:
                setServo(0, -sv)
                setServo(2, -sh)
            if (a & 0x02) != 0:
                setServo(1, sv)
                setServo(3, sh)
            updatePosition()


循迹机器人

Warning yellow.png
 注意 只有V2.1版本机器人才支持循迹功能

程序使用说明：打开电源，将机器人放置在循迹黑线的中间位置。上电后，机器人原地逆时针旋转，进行红外循迹的黑白校准。校准完成后，机器人进入循迹模式。 

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from microbit import *
import music
import math
import radio

motor_pwm = bytearray([8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
servo_pos = bytearray([0, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC, 0x05, 0xDC])

# motion functions
def motion(leftSpeed, rightSpeed):
    if leftSpeed > 2000:
        leftSpeed = 2000
    if leftSpeed < -2000:
        leftSpeed = -2000
    if leftSpeed == 0:
        motor_pwm[1] = 0
        motor_pwm[2] = 0
        motor_pwm[3] = 0
        motor_pwm[4] = 0
    if leftSpeed > 0:
        motor_pwm[1] = int(leftSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[2] = int(leftSpeed % 256)
        motor_pwm[3] = 0
        motor_pwm[4] = 0
    if leftSpeed < 0:
        leftSpeed = -leftSpeed
        motor_pwm[1] = 0
        motor_pwm[2] = 0
        motor_pwm[3] = int(leftSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[4] = int(leftSpeed % 256)
    if rightSpeed > 2000:
        rightSpeed = 2000
    if rightSpeed < -2000:
        rightSpeed = -2000
    if rightSpeed == 0:
        motor_pwm[5] = 0
        motor_pwm[6] = 0
        motor_pwm[7] = 0
        motor_pwm[8] = 0
    if rightSpeed > 0:
        motor_pwm[5] = 0
        motor_pwm[6] = 0
        motor_pwm[7] = int(rightSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[8] = int(rightSpeed % 256)
    if rightSpeed < 0:
        rightSpeed = -rightSpeed
        motor_pwm[5] = int(rightSpeed / 256)
        motor_pwm[6] = int(rightSpeed % 256)
        motor_pwm[7] = 0
        motor_pwm[8] = 0
    i2c.write(0x2A, motor_pwm)


# servo functions
def setServo(servo, angle):
    "set the servo angel"
    a = (1.5 + angle/90) * 1000
    servo_pos[servo*2 + 1] = int(a / 256)
    servo_pos[servo*2 + 2] = int(a % 256)


def updatePosition():
    servo_pos[0] = 0
    try:
        i2c.write(0x2A, servo_pos)
    except:
        print("i2c error")

def BatteryLevel():
    return i2c.read(0x2A, 1)[0]
	
def distance():
    i2c.write(0x0b, bytearray([1]))
    sleep(2)
    temp=i2c.read(0x0b,2)
    distanceCM=(temp[0]+temp[1]*256)/10
    return distanceCM   
	
def setRGB(cmd,r,g,b): #cmd: 2 leftLed 3: rightLed r,g,b range:0-255
    i2c.write(0x0b,bytearray([cmd,r,g,b]))
    sleep(1)
    
def setHSV(cmd,h,s,v): #cmd: 4 leftLed 5: rightLed h range:0-360 s v range:0-1 
    _h1 = h%256
    _h2 = h//256
    _s = int(s*100)
    _v = int(v*100)
    i2c.write(0x0b,bytearray([cmd,_h1,_h2,_s,_v]))
    sleep(1)
		
sensor_min = [1024, 1024, 1024, 1024, 1024]
sensor_max = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
sensor = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
sensor_pin = (pin3, pin1, pin10, pin2, pin4)
# calibration
def Calibrate():
    global sensor_min, sensor_max, sensor,sensor_pin
    motion(-1000, 1000)
    t = running_time()
    while (running_time() - t) < 5000:
        for i in range(5):
            sensor[i] = sensor_pin[i].read_analog() 
            sensor_min[i] = min(sensor[i], sensor_min[i])
            sensor_max[i] = max(sensor[i], sensor_max[i])
    motion(0, 0)
    print("sensors min value:%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" % \
         (sensor_min[0], sensor_min[1], sensor_min[2], sensor_min[3], sensor_min[4]))
    print("sensors max value:%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" % \
         (sensor_max[0], sensor_max[1], sensor_max[2], sensor_max[3], sensor_max[4]))
  
def ReadLineSensor():
    global sensor_min, sensor_max, sensor,sensor_pin
    for i in range(5):
        sensor[i] = sensor_pin[i].read_analog()
        sensor[i] = round((sensor[i] - sensor_min[i]) / (sensor_max[i] - sensor_min[i]) * 1000)
    
    sum = sensor[0] + sensor[1] + sensor[2] + sensor[3] + sensor[4]
    if sum <= 0:
        return 0
    else:
        return (sensor[0] + sensor[1] * 1000 + sensor[2] * 2000 + sensor[3] * 3000 + sensor[4]*4000) / sum
        
def PIDtracking(kp,kd,trackSpeed):
    global pre_line_pos
    line_pos = ReadLineSensor() - 2000  
    correction = kp * line_pos + kd * (line_pos - pre_line_pos)
    pre_line_pos = line_pos
    print('correction:',correction)
    if correction > 0:
        motion(trackSpeed - correction, trackSpeed)
    else:
        motion(trackSpeed, trackSpeed + correction)
        
# application
t=0
display.off()
motion(0, 0)
pin3.read_digital()
pin4.read_digital()
pin10.read_digital()
pin3.set_pull(pin3.NO_PULL)
pin4.set_pull(pin4.NO_PULL)
pin10.set_pull(pin10.NO_PULL)
setServo(0,-45)
setServo(2,-45)
setServo(1,45)
setServo(3,45)
updatePosition()
Calibrate()
#kp = float(input('kp=:'))
#kd = float(input('kd=:'))
pre_line_pos = ReadLineSensor() - 2000
while True: 
    for i in range(360):
        setHSV(4,i,1.0,1.0)
        setHSV(5,i,1.0,1.0)
        PIDtracking(4.5,12,1200)
        sleep(10)


版本历史记录

Version Date 新增/删除/修复
V2.1 2018/07/07 增加循迹功能超声波板
增加RGB灯功能和优化超声波电路
由USB串口改为蓝牙串口
锂电池由2节改为3节并联，容量更大
V1.2
取自“http://wiki.labplus.cn/index.php?title=Bot:bit&oldid=3101”